1166. Design File System 设计文件系统



@TOC

题目地址https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/design-file-system/

题目描述

You are asked to design a file system which provides two functions:

  • create(path, value): Creates a new path and associates a value to it if possible and returns True. Returns False if the path already exists or its parent path doesn't exist.
  • get(path): Returns the value associated with a path or returns -1 if the path doesn't exist.

The format of a path is one or more concatenated strings of the form: / followed by one or more lowercase English letters. For example, /leetcode and /leetcode/problems are valid paths while an empty string and / are not.

Implement the two functions.

Please refer to the examples for clarifications.

Example 1:

Input: 
["FileSystem","create","get"]
[[],["/a",1],["/a"]]
Output: 
[null,true,1]
Explanation: 
FileSystem fileSystem = new FileSystem();

fileSystem.create("/a", 1); // return true
fileSystem.get("/a"); // return 1

Example 2:

Input: 
["FileSystem","create","create","get","create","get"]
[[],["/leet",1],["/leet/code",2],["/leet/code"],["/c/d",1],["/c"]]
Output: 
[null,true,true,2,false,-1]
Explanation: 
FileSystem fileSystem = new FileSystem();

fileSystem.create("/leet", 1); // return true
fileSystem.create("/leet/code", 2); // return true
fileSystem.get("/leet/code"); // return 2
fileSystem.create("/c/d", 1); // return false because the parent path "/c" doesn't exist.
fileSystem.get("/c"); // return -1 because this path doesn't exist.

Constraints:

The number of calls to the two functions is less than or equal to 10^4 in total. 2 <= path.length <= 100 1 <= value <= 10^9

题目大意

你需要设计一个能提供下面两个函数的文件系统:

  • create(path, value): 创建一个新的路径,并尽可能将值 value 与路径 path 关联,然后返回 True。如果路径已经存在或者路径的父路径不存在,则返回 False。
  • get(path): 返回与路径关联的值。如果路径不存在,则返回 -1。

解题方法

字典

总体思想:使用字典保存每一个已经创建的路径。

  • create():找出其父路径,判断是否已经存在。当父路径存在时,字典保存新路径的值,否则不保存。
  • get():判断字典中是否已经存在该路径,如果存在返回对应的值,否则返回-1.

这个做法把所有的路径保存在同一级上,没有下面的目录树科学。

由于leetcode-cn无法提交该题答案,下面的代码没有submit。

C++代码如下:

class FileSystem {
public:
    FileSystem() {
    }
    
    bool create(string path, int value) {
        if (path.empty() || path == "/" || path[0] != '/')
            return false;
        int last = path.size();
        while (last >= 1 && path[last] != '/') {
            last --;
        }
        string parent = path.substr(0, last);
        if (!m_.count(parent))
            return false;
        m_[path] = value;
        return true;
    }
    
    int get(string path) {
        return m_.count(path) ? m_[path] : -1;
    }
private:
    unordered_map<string, int> m_;
};

/**
 * Your FileSystem object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * FileSystem* obj = new FileSystem();
 * bool param_1 = obj->create(path,value);
 * int param_2 = obj->get(path);
 */

目录树

是否有更好的做法?类似于我们系统文件的保存方法?

我们可以创建一个目录树,把每一个路径对应一个叶子,其保存它的所有孩子。查找的时候也依次从目录树获取路径。这个结构类似于字典树。

此处输入图片的描述

代码没有写,待续。

日期

2019 年 9 月 23 日 —— 昨夜睡的早,错过了北京的烟火