861. Score After Flipping Matrix 翻转矩阵后的得分


作者: 负雪明烛 id: fuxuemingzhu 个人博客: http://fuxuemingzhu.cn/


@TOC

题目地址:https://leetcode.com/problems/score-after-flipping-matrix/description/

题目描述

We have a two dimensional matrix A where each value is 0 or 1.

A move consists of choosing any row or column, and toggling each value in that row or column: changing all 0s to 1s, and all 1s to 0s.

After making any number of moves, every row of this matrix is interpreted as a binary number, and the score of the matrix is the sum of these numbers.

Return the highest possible score.

Example 1:

Input: [[0,0,1,1],[1,0,1,0],[1,1,0,0]]
Output: 39
Explanation:
Toggled to [[1,1,1,1],[1,0,0,1],[1,1,1,1]].
0b1111 + 0b1001 + 0b1111 = 15 + 9 + 15 = 39

Note:

  • 1 <= A.length <= 20
  • 1 <= A[0].length <= 20
  • A[i][j] is 0 or 1.

题目大意

题目中给了一个数组A,这个数组中只包含0,1.现在需要整行或者整列的进行toggle操作。目标是进行一波toggle操作之后,把A中的每行数字转化成二进制数,是最终得到的二进制数的和最大。

解题方法

题目很烧脑,使用什么样的操作规则才能使得得到的最终数组二进制和最大。

  1. 首先,第一列肯定要全部变成1,很显然位数恒定时,1开头的二进制数要比任何0开头的都要大。

  2. 其次,我们采取贪心算法,让每一列中1的个数尽可能多。怎么理解这句话呢?

这和我们最终的目标有关,因为我们要求每行数字都转成二进制数之后的,所以,在同一列中,1出现在哪一行对结果一样的。

如果还不明白,看我的分析:

初始状态:

[0,0,1,1]
[1,0,1,0]
[1,1,0,0]

首列置为 1:

[1,1,0,0]
[1,0,1,0]
[1,1,0,0]

每一列 1 的个数大于 0 的个数:

[1,1,1,1]
[1,0,0,1]
[1,1,1,1]

计算结果:15 + 9 + 15 = 39.

其实,最后的计算结果完全可以这么算:

=     2^3 * 3(第一列有3个1) + 2^2 * 2(第二列有2个1)
    + 2^1 * 2(第三列有2个1) + 2^0 * 3(第四列有3个1)
= 8*3 + 4*2 + 2*2 + 1*3
= 24 + 8 + 4 + 3
= 39

即,我们只关心这一列出现的1的个数,不用关心1出现的位置。

代码如下:

class Solution(object):
    def matrixScore(self, A):
        """
        :type A: List[List[int]]
        :rtype: int
        """
        rows, cols = len(A), len(A[0])
        for row in range(rows):
            if A[row][0] == 0:
                A[row] = self.toggle_row(A[row])
        for col in range(1, cols):
            col_array = [A[row][col] for row in range(rows)]
            sum_col_array = sum(col_array)
            if sum_col_array <= rows / 2:
                col_array = self.toggle_col(col_array)
            for row in range(rows):
                A[row][col] = col_array[row]
        bin_row = []
        for row in range(rows):
            bin_row.append(int("".join(map(str, A[row])), 2))
        return sum(bin_row)
                
    def toggle_row(self, row_array):
        return [0 if x == 1 else 1 for x in row_array]
    
    def toggle_col(self, col_array):
        return [0 if x == 1 else 1 for x in col_array]

二刷,第一步判断每行的第一个位置是不是0,如果是0那么就把这行全部翻转。第二步,统计每一列有多少个1,计算2的max(count1, count0)次幂。

class Solution(object):
    def matrixScore(self, A):
        """
        :type A: List[List[int]]
        :rtype: int
        """
        M, N = len(A), len(A[0])
        for i in range(M):
            if A[i][0] == 0:
                for j in range(N):
                    A[i][j] = 1 - A[i][j]
        res = 0
        for j in range(N):
            count1 = 0
            for i in range(M):
                if A[i][j]:
                    count1 += 1
            res += (1 << N - 1- j) * max(count1, M - count1)
        return res

C++代码如下:

class Solution {
public:
    int matrixScore(vector<vector<int>> &A) {
        int M = A.size(), N = A[0].size();
        for (int i = 0; i < M; i++)
            if (A[i][0])
                for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
                    A[i][j] = 1 - A[i][j];
        int res = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
            int count1 = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {
                if (A[i][j]) {
                    count1++;
                }
            }
            res += (1 << (N - 1 - j)) * max(count1, M - count1);
        }
        return res;
    }
};

日期

2018 年 7 月 19 日 —— 今天主要在忙实验室项目,刷题有点晚了 2018 年 12 月 2 日 —— 又到了周日