898. Bitwise ORs of Subarrays 子数组按位或操作


作者: 负雪明烛 id: fuxuemingzhu 个人博客: http://fuxuemingzhu.cn/


@TOC

题目地址:https://leetcode.com/problems/bitwise-ors-of-subarrays/description/

题目描述

We have an array A of non-negative integers.

For every (contiguous) subarray B = [A[i], A[i+1], ..., A[j]] (with i <= j), we take the bitwise OR of all the elements in B, obtaining a result A[i] | A[i+1] | ... | A[j].

Return the number of possible results. (Results that occur more than once are only counted once in the final answer.)

Example 1:

Input: [0]
Output: 1
Explanation: 
There is only one possible result: 0.

Example 2:

Input: [1,1,2]
Output: 3
Explanation: 
The possible subarrays are [1], [1], [2], [1, 1], [1, 2], [1, 1, 2].
These yield the results 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3.
There are 3 unique values, so the answer is 3.

Example 3:

Input: [1,2,4]
Output: 6
Explanation: 
The possible results are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7.

Note:

  1. 1 <= A.length <= 50000
  2. 0 <= A[i] <= 10^9

题目大意

一个数组的所有子数组的异或结果,总共有多少个不同?

解题方法

动态规划

题目不是一般的难啊,如果是普通的DP方法,那么使用二维dp[i][j]表示子数组的起始和结束区间,能做到O(n^2)的时间复杂度,但是题目对时间复杂度要求的很死,必须O(N).

正确的做法也是动态规划,dp[i]表示以A[i]结尾的所有子数组的异或结果,其实是个set。

转移方程式dp[i] = [b | A[i] for b in dp[i - 1]] + A[i],即以A[i]结尾的所有子数组异或结果等于以A[i-1]结尾的所有子数组异或结果,和当前的A[i]异或,再加上A[i]这个结果。

同时使用一个set保存所有的异或结果。最后返回这个结果set的长度。

此处输入图片的描述

dp[i]的大小至多是32个,即 |dp[i]| <= 32 的证明:

dp[i] = {A[i], A[i] | A[i - 1], A[i] | A[i - 1] | A[i - 2], ... , A[i] | A[i - 1] | ... | A[0]},这个序列单调递增,通过把A[i]中的0变成1。A[i]最多有32个0。所以这个集合的大小 <= 32。

举例:最坏情况 A = [8, 4, 2, 1, 0] 都是2^k。 A[5] = 0,dp[5] = {0, 0 | 1, 0 | 1 | 2, 0 | 1 | 2 | 4, 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8} = {0, 1, 3, 7, 15}.

时间复杂度是O(32*N),空间复杂度是O(32N).

class Solution(object):
    def subarrayBitwiseORs(self, A):
        """
        :type A: List[int]
        :rtype: int
        """
        res = set()
        cur = set()
        for a in A:
            cur = {n | a for n in cur} | {a}
            res |= cur
        return len(res)

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参考资料

https://zxi.mytechroad.com/blog/dynamic-programming/leetcode-898-bitwise-ors-of-subarrays/

日期

2018 年 10 月 28 日 —— 10月份最后一个周一